ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE

 

A.    ACTIVE VOICE (KALIMAT AKTIF)

Active Voice merupakan ragam gramatikal yang bermakna aktif. Maksudnya subject (pelaku) baik manusia atau binatang yang telah melakukan suatu pekerjaan.

            Contoh:

§ Lionel Messi buy some shoes

§  They took my pen

§  She sweep the floor

 

B.     PASSIVE VOICE

      Passive Voice merupakan kalimat yang menjadikan objek dalam kalimat aktif menjadi subject dalam kalimat pasif dengan menambah awalan di atau ter dalam predikat yang berupa kata kerja transitif.

            Contoh:

§  Some shoes is bougth by Lionel Messi

§ My pen is taken by them

§  the floor is swept by her

Ø  In a passive sentence, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive.

Ø  Form of the passive voice : Be + Past Participle

Ø  Only the transitive verbs or verbs that are followed by an object are used in the passive.

Example:

·         An accidents happened yesterday

·         The baby is sleeping soundly

Ø  The “by phrase “ is used only if it is important to know who performs an action.

 

C.     CARA MEMBENTUK PASSIVE VOICE

1.      Present Simple Tense

(+) Subject + to be _I (am, is, are) + V_III + by + Object

(-) Subject + to be _I (am, is, are) not + V_III + by + Object

(?) To be _I (am, is, are) + Subject + V_III + by + Object?

Example:

)

 Fari beats me (Active Voice) →  I am beaten by Fari (Passive Voice)

2.      Past Simple Tense

(+) Subject + to be _II (was, were) + V_III + by + Object

(-) Subject + to be _II (was, were) not + V_III + by + Object

(?) To be _II (was, were) + Subject + V_III + by + Object?

Example:  The student wrote a letter (Active Voice)→A letter was written by the  students

                                                                                                                          

3.      Simple Future Tense

(+) Subject + shall/will + be + V_III + by + Object

(-) Subject + shall/will not + be + V_III + by + Object

(?) Shall/will + Subject + be + V_III + by + Object?

 Example:

 He will take my book (Active Voice)  →My book will be taken by him (Passive Voice)

 

4.      Present Perfect Tense

(+) Subject + have/has + been + V_III + by + Object

(-) Subject + have/has + not + been + V_III + by + Object

(?) Have/has + Subject + been + V_III + by + Object?

 Example:

                      

This problem has been solved by him for five years (Passive Voice) ⇾   This problem has been solved by him for five years (Passive Voice)     

 5.      Present Continuous Tense

(+) Subject + to be _I (am, is, are) + being +V_III + by + Object

(-) Subject + to be _I (am, is, are) + not + being + V_III + by + Object

(?) To be _I (am, is, are) + Subject + being + V_III + by + Object?

 

 Example:

Andi is killing the dog (Active Voice)  →The dog is being killed by Andi (Passive Voice)

6.      Past Continuous Tense

(+) Subject + to be _II (was, were) + being +V_III + by + Object

(-) Subject + to be _II (was, were) + not + being + V_III + by + Object

(?) To be _II (was, were) + Subject + being + V_III + by + Object?

 

Example:

7.      Future Continuous Tense

(+) Subject + will/shall + be + being +V_III + by + Object

(-) Subject + will/shall + not + be + being + V_III + by + Object

(?) Will/shall + Subject + be + being + V_III + by + Object?

  Example               

I was ordering him (Active Voice)   →  He was being ordered by me (Passive Voice)

8.      Present Perfect Continuous Tense

(+) Subject + have/has + been + being +V_III + by + Object

(-) Subject + have/has + not + been + being + V_III + by + Object

(?) Have/has + Subject + been + being + V_III + by + Object?

 Example:

                     

He has been waiting us since three o’clock (Active Voice)→We have been being waited by him since three o’clock (Passive Voice)

D.    SENTENCE WITH MODALS  (CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, HAVE/HAS TO, SHOULD, WILL, ETC) CHANGE TO PASSIVE VOICE

      Pattern:

(+) Subject + Modals + be + VIII + by + Object (-) Subject + modals + not + be + VIII + by + Object (?) Modals + Subject + be + VIII + by + Object?

Example: This problem must be solved as soon as possible

 

Active	Passive	Tenses
·   The new station plays the sinetron	·  The sinetron is played by the new station	·   Present Simple Tense
·   The new station is playing the sinetron	·  The sinetron is being played by the new station	·   Present Continuous Tense
·   The new station played the sinetron	·  The sinetron was played by the new station	·   Past Simple Tense
·   The new station has played the sinetron	·  The sinetron has been played by the new station	·   Present Perfect Tense
·   The new station was playing the sinetron	·  The sinetron was being played by the new station	·   Past Continuous Tense
·   The new station had played the sinetron	·  The sinetron had been played by the new station	·   Past Perfect Tense
·   The new station will play the sinetron	·  The sinetron will be played by the new station	·   Simple Future Tense
·   The new station is going to play the sinetron	·  The sinetron is going to be played by the new station	·   Future (to be going to)
·   The new station will have played the sinetron	·  The sinetron will have been played by the new station	·   Future Perfect Tense
·   The new station must play the sinetron	·  The sinetron must be played by the new station	·   Modals Auxiliary